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Listing of REGARDS publications

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REGARDS Publications (Published or in press)
Updated: January 5,2012
(NIH Public Access Policy applied for articles accepted on or after April 7, 2008)   

 

 

1.      Soliman EZ, Howard G, Howard VJ, Cushman M, Le Anh, Kleindorfer D, Kissela B, Judd S, McClure LA.   Prolongation of QTc interval and risk of stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). JACC 2012, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID ]
 
2.      Kennedy RE, Howard G, Go RC, Rothwell PM, Tiwari HK, Feng R, McClure LA, Prineas RJ, Banerjee A, Arnett DK.  Association between family risk of stroke and myocardial infarction with prevalent risk factors and coexisting diseases.  Stroke 2012, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID ]
 
3.      Prineas R, Soliman EZ, Zhang ZM, Howard VJ, Ostchega Y, Howard G. US national prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in black and white middle aged (45-64 years) and older (65 years) adults from the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study). Am J Cardiol 2012, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID ]
 
4.      Rizk D, McClellan W, Safford MM, Soliman EZ,  Levitan EB,Warnock DG, Muntner P. Prevalence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2011, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID 22167594]
 
5.      Pullicino P, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Wadley VG, Safford MM, Meschia JF, Anderson A, Howard G, Soliman EZ. Identifying a high stroke risk subgroup in individuals with heart failure. J Stroke and Cereborvasc 2011, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID 22142776 ]
 
6.      McClellan W, Warnock DG, Judd S, Muntner P, Patzer R, Cashion W, Bradbury B, McClure LA, Newsome BB, Howard G. Association of family history of ESRD, prevalent albuminuria, and reduced GRF with incident ESRD.Am J Kidney Dis 2012, Jan;59(1):25-31.  [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID 22078058]
 
7.      Shuaib F, Durant RW, Parmar G, Brown TM, Roth DL, Hovater M, Halanych JH, Shikany JM, Prineas RJ, Samdarshi T, Howard G, Safford MM. Awareness, Treatment and Control of Chronic Diseases and Area- Level Mortality Regions in the REGARDS Study. J Health Care Poor U 2011, in press. [Epub ahead of print] [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID ]
 
8.      Unverzagt FW, McClure LA, Wadley VG, Jenny NS, Go RC, Cushman M, Kissela BM, Kelley BJ, Kennedy R, Moy CS, Howard VJ, Howard G. Vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in a stroke-free cohort. Neurology 2011 Nov 8; 77(19):1729-36.[Epub ahead of print] [PMCID: PMC3208949][PubMed link PMID 22067959]
 
9.      Howard G, Cushman M, Kissela BM, Kleindorfer DO, McClure LA, Safford MM, Rhodes JD, Soliman EZ, Moy CS, Judd SE, Howard VJ.   Traditional risk factors as the underlying cause of racial disparities in stroke:  lessons from the half full (empty?) glass. Stroke 2011 Dec;42(12):3369-3379. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID 21960581 ]
 
10.Brown, TM, Parmar G, Duran RW, Halanych JH, Hovater M, Muntner P, Prineas RJ, Roth D, Samdarshi TE, Safford MM. The relationship between quality of care indicators and an area measure of access to primary care: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. J of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2011, in press. [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID ]
 
11.McClellan WM, Warnock DG, Judd S, Muntner P, Kewalramani R, Cushman M, McClure LA, Newsome BB, Howard G. Albuminuria and racial disparities in the risk for ESRD.  J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22(9):1721-1728.[PMCID: PMC3171942][PubMed link PMID 21868498]
 
12.Kleindorfer D, Judd S, Howard VJ, McClure L, Safford M, Cushman M, Rhodes D, Howard G.  Self-reported stroke symptoms without a prior diagnosis of stroke or TIA: A powerful new risk factor for stroke.  Stroke 2011;42(11):3122-3126.  [PMCID Journal - In Process][PubMed link PMID 21921283]
 
13.Aaron KJ, Campbell RC, Judd SE, Sanders PW, Muntner P. Association of dietary sodium and potassium intakes with albuminuria in normal-weight, overweight and obese participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2011 Oct;94(4) 1071-1078 [Epub 2011 Aug 31] [PMCID: PMC3173025][PubMed link PMID 21880845]
 
14.Kurella Tamura M, Muntner P, Wadley V, Cushman M, Zakai NA, Bradbury BD, Kissela B, Unverzagt F, Howard G, Warnock D, McClellan W. Albuminuria, kidney function, and the incidence of cognitive impairment among adults in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2011;58(5):756-763 [Epub ahead of print]  [PMCID:PMC3199339][PubMed link PMID 21816528]
 
15.McKnight KK, Wellons MF, Sites CK, Roth DL, Szychowski JM, Halanych JH, Cushman M, Safford MM. Racial and regional differences in age at menopause in the United States: Findings from the REasons forGeographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 May 14 [Epub ahead of print]
[PMCID :PMC3202084][PubMed link PMID21663888 ]
 
16.Soliman EZ, Howard G, Meschia JF, Cushman M, Muntner P, Pullicino PM, McClure LA, Judd S, Howard VJ. Self-reported atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Stroke 2011;42(10)2950-2953 [Epub ahead of print]. [PMCID:PMC3185239][PubMed link PMID21817138]
 
17.Zweifler RM, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Cushman M, Hovater M, Safford MM, Howard G, Goff D Jr. Racial and geographic differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia: The Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Neuroepid 2011 Aug 5;37(1):39-44. [PMCID: PMC3171279]  [PubMed link PMID21822024 ]
 
18.Muntner P, Judd SE, McClellan W, Meschia JF, Warnock DG, Howard VJ. Incidence of stroke symptoms among adults with chronic kidney disease: Results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011 May 5 [Epub ahead of print]   [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21551093 ] 
 

19.Howard G, McClure LA, Moy CS, Safford MM, Cushman M, Judd S, Kissela BM, Kleindorfer DO, Howard VJ, Rhodes DJ, Muntner P, Tiwari HK. Imputation of incident events in longitudinal cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174(6):718-726. [PMCID: PMC3166710]  [PubMed link PMID 21804050]

 
 
20.Kabagambe EK, Judd SE, Howard VJ, Zakai NA, Jenny NS, Hsieh M, Warnock DG, Cushman M. Inflammation biomarkers and risk of all-cause-mortality in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort. Am J of Epid 2011;174(3):284-92]. [PMCID:PMC3202158] [PubMed link PMID 21685411]
 
21.Muntner P, Woodward M, Carson AP, Judd SE, Levitan EB, Mann D, McClellan W, Warnock DG. Development and validation of a self-assessment tool for albuminuria: Results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2011;58(2):196-205.  [PMCID: PMC3144301] [PubMed link PMID: 21620547 ]
 
22.Judd S, McClure LA, Howard V, Lackland D, Halanych J, Kabagambe E. Heavy drinking is associated with poor blood pressure control especially among people with diabetes in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8(5):1601-1612 [PMCID: PMC3108130][PubMed link PMID21655140]
 
23.Wadley VG, Unverzagt FW, McGuire LC, Moy CS, Go R, Kissela B, McClure LA, Crowe M, Howard VJ, Howard G. Incident cognitive impairment is elevated in the stroke belt: The REGARDS study. Ann Neurol 2011;70(2):229-236. [PMCID: PMC3152671] [PubMed link PMID 21618586 ]
 
24.Kramer H, Shoham D, McClure LA, Durazo-Arvizu R, Howard G, Judd S, Muntner P, Safford M, Warnock DG, McClellan W. Association of waist circumference and body mass index with all-cause mortality in CKD: The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2011;58(2): 177-85 [PMCID: PMC3144322]  [PubMed link PMID 21601327]
 
25.Halanych, JH, Shuaib F, Parmar G, Tanikella R, Howard VJ, Roth DL, Prineas RJ, Safford MM. Agreement on cause of death between proxies, death certificate, and clinician adjudicators in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173(11):1319-1326. [PMCID: PMC3101067] [PubMed link PMID: 21540327 ]
 
26.Muntner P, Bowling CB, Gao L, Rizk D, Judd S, Tanner RM, McClellan W, Warnock DG. Age-specific association of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria and all-cause mortality. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011 Sep;6(9):220-2207 [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID: 21737849]
 
27.Tanner RM, Baber U, Carson AP, Voeks J, Brown TM, Soliman EZ, Howard VJ, Muntner P. Association of the metabolic syndrome with atrial fibrillation among United States adults from the REasons  for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS]  study. Am J Cardiol 2011;Jul 15;108(2):227-232. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID: 21530935 ]
 
28.McClure LA, Murphy HL, Roseman J, Howard G, Malarcher A. Regional and racial differences in smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke:  The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Prev Chronic Dis  2011 Sep;8(5):A108 [PMCID: PMC3181181] [PubMed link PMID 21843411]
 
29.Muntner P, Halanych JH, Reynolds K, Durant R, Vupputuri S, Sung VW, Meschia JF, Howard VJ, Safford MM, Krousel-Wood M. Low medication adherence and the incidence of stroke symptoms among individuals with hypertension: The REGARDS study. J Clin Hypertens 2011 Jul;13(7):479-486. [PMCID: PMC3140118] [PubMed link PMID 21762360]
 
30.Peralta CA, Shlipak MG, Judd S, Cushman M, McClellan W, Zakai NA, Safford MM, Zhang X, Muntner P, Warnock D. Detection of chronic kidney disease with creatinine, cystatin C, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and association with progression to end-stage renal disease and mortality. JAMA 2011;305:1545-52. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21482744]
 
31.Matthews JC, You Z, Wadley VG, Cushman M, Howard G. The association between self-reported tooth loss and cognitive function in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142:379-390. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21454843]
 
32.Lakoski SG, Le AH, Muntner P, Judd SE, Safford MM, Levine DA, Howard G, Cushman M. Adiposity, inflammation, and risk for death in black and white men and women in the United States: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Jun;96(6):1805-1814. [PMCID: PMC3100756] [PubMed link PMID 21430022]
 
33.Newby PK, Noel SE, Grant R, Judd S, Shikany JM, Ard J. Race and region are associated with nutrient intakes among black and white men in the United States. J Nutr 2011;141:296-303. [PMCID: PMC3021449] [PubMed link PMID 21178088]
 
34.Kent ST, Howard G, Crosson WL, Prineas RJ, McClure LA. The association of remotely-sensed outdoor temperature with blood pressure levels in REGARDS: a cross-sectional study of a large, national cohort of African-American and white participants.
Environ Health. 2011 Jan 19; 10(1):7 [PMCID: PMC3032648] [PubMed link PMID 21247466 ]
 
35.Levine DA, Calhoun DA, Prineas RJ, Cushman M, Howard VJ, Howard G. Moderate waist circumference and hypertension prevalence: The REGARDS Study. Am J Hypertens 2011;24:482-488. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21233800 ] 
 
36.Howard VJ, Kleindorfer DO, Judd SE, McClure LA, Safford MM, Rhodes JD, Cushman M, Moy CS, Soliman EZ, Kissela BM, Howard G. Disparities in stroke incidence contributing to disparities in stroke mortality. Ann Neurol 2011;69:619-627.
 [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21416498 ]
 
37.Roth DL, Haley WE, Clay OJ, Perkins M, Grant JS, Rhodes JD, Wadley VG, Kissela B, Howard G. Race and gender differences in 1-year outcomes for community-dwelling stroke survivors with family caregivers. Stroke 2011;42:626-631 [PMCID: PMC3139254] [PubMed link PMID 21257820]
 
38.Haley WE, Roth DL, Kissela B, Perkins M, Howard G. Quality of life after stroke: a prospective longitudinal study. Qual Life Res 2011 Aug;20(6):799-806. [PMCID: PMC3149760]  [PubMed link PMID 21136298]
 
39.Barber U, Howard VJ, Halperin JL, Soliman EZ, Zhang X, McClellan W, Warnock DG, Muntner P. Association of chronic kidney disease with atrial fibrillation among adults in the United States: REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Cir Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:26-32. [PMCID: PMC3049935] [PubMed link PMID 21076159]
 
40.Nahab F, Le A, Judd S, Frankel MR, Ard J, Newby PK, Howard VJ. Racial and geographic differences in fish consumption: The REGARDS study. Neurology 2011:75:154-158. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 21178096 ]
 
McClellan W. Associations of dietary fat with albuminuria and
kidney dysfunction.  Am J Clin Nutr 2010 Oct; 92(4):897-904.  [PMCID: PMC2937589] [PubMed link PMID 20702608]
 
42.Kurella Tamura M, Wadley VG[PMCID: PMC2990263]  [PubMed link PMID 20634281], Newsome BB, Zakai NA, McClure LA, Howard G, Warnock DG, McClellan W. Hemoglobin concentration and cognitive impairment in the Renal REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:1380-1386.
 
43.Warnock DG Am J Kidney Dis 2010;56:861-871.  [PMCID: PMC2963678] [PubMed link PMID 20692752], Muntner P, McCullough PA, Zhang X, McClure LA, Zakai N, Cushman M, Newsome BB, Kewalramani R, Steffes MW, Howard G, McClellan WM.  Kidney function, albuminuria, and all-cause mortality in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study.
 
44.Glasser SP, Judd S, Basile J, Lackland D, Halanych J, Cushman M, Prineas R, Howard V, Howard G. Prehypertension, racial prevalence and its association with risk factors: REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Hypertens 2011 Feb;24(2):194-9 [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 20864944]
 
45.Okonkwo OC, Roth DL, Pulley L, Howard G.  Confirmatory factor analysis of the validity of the SF-12 for persons with and without a history of stroke.  Quality Life Res 2010;19:1323-1331. [PMCID: PMC2952056]  [PubMed link PMID 20567914]
 
46.McClellan WM, Newsome BB, McClure LA, Howard G, Volkova N, Audhya P, Warnock DG. Poverty and racial disparities in kidney disease: The REGARDS study. Am J of Nephrol 2010;32:38-46 [PMCID: PMC2914392] [PubMed link PMID 20516678]
 
47.Durant RW, McClure LA, Halanych JH, Lewis CE, Prineas RJ, Glasser SP, Safford MM.  Trust in physicians and blood pressure control in blacks and whites being treated for hypertension in the REGARDS Study. Ethnicity and Disease 2010;20(3):282-289. [PMCID: PMC3049916] [PubMed link PMID20828103]
 
48.Glasser SP, Wadley V, Judd S, Kana B, Prince V, Jenny N, Kissela B, Safford M, Prineas R, Howard G. The association of statin use and statin type on cognitive performance: Analysis of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Clinical Cardiology  2010;33:280-288,
[PMCID: PMC2925406] [PubMed link PMID 20513066]
 
49.Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Warnock DG, Muntner P, Judd S, McClellan WM, Cushman M, Howard G, McClure LA: REGARDS investigators] Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 2010;375:2073-2081. Epub 2010 May 17. [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 20483451]
              
50.Brenner DA, Zweifler RM, Gomez CR, Kissela BM, Levine D, Howard G, Coull B, Howard VJ. Awareness, treatment, and control of vascular risk factors among stroke survivors: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.  J Stroke Cerebrovas Dis 2010;19(4):311-320 [PMCID Journal - In Process]  [PubMed link PMID 20472464]
 
51.Muntner P, Judd SE, Krousel-Wood M, McClellan WM, Safford MM. Low medication adherence and hypertension control among adults with CKD: Data from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2010 Sep;56(3):447-457 [PMCID Journal - In Process] [PubMed link PMID 20471734]
 
52.Parmar G, Ghuge P, Halanych JH, Funkhouser E, Safford MM. Cardiovascular outcomes ascertainment was similar using blinded and unblind adjudicators in a national prospective study. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:1159-1163 [PMCID: PMC2913162] [PubMed link PMID 20430582]
 
53.Howard VJ, Woolson RF, Egan BM, Nicholas JS, Adams RJ, Howard G, Lackland DT. Prevalence of hypertension in a US cohort by duration and age at exposure to the stroke belt. J of Am Soc Hypertens 2010;4:32-41 [PMCID: PMC2872151] [PubMed link PMID 20374949]
 
54.Cummings DM,   Doherty L, Howard G, Howard V, Safford MM, Prince V, Kissela B, Lackland D. Blood pressure control in diabetes mellitus-temporal progress yet persistent Racial Disparities: Results from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Diabetes Care 2010;33:798-803. [PMCID: PMC2845030] [PubMed link PMID20097785]
 
55.Brown TM, Voeks JH, Bittner V, Safford MM.  Variations in prevalent cardiovascular disease and future risk among different classifications of the metabolic syndrome in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. American Heart Journal. Am Heart J 2010;159:385-91. [PMCID: PMC2841510] [PubMed link PMID20211299]
 
56.McClellan WM, Abramson J, Newsome B, Temple E, Wadley VG, Audhya P, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Warnock DG, Kimmel P. Physical and psychological burden of chronic kidney disease among older adults.   Am J of Nephrol 2010;31:309-317. [PMCID: PMC2859227] [PubMed link PMID20164652]
 
57.Meschia JF, Merril P, Soliman EZ, Howard VJ, Barrett KM, Zakai NA, Kleindorfer D, Safford M, Howard G.  Racial disparities in awareness and treatment of atrial fibrillation: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.  Stroke 2010;41:581-587. [PMCID: PMC2885129] [PubMed link PMID20190000]
 
58.Haley WE, Roth DL, Howard G, Safford MM. Caregiving strain and estimated risk for stroke and coronary heart disease among spouse caregivers: Differential effects by race and sex. Stroke 2010; 41:331-336 [PMCID: PMC2818824]  [PubMed link PMID20075357]
  
59.Soliman EZ, Howard G, Prineas RJ, McClure LA, Howard VJ. Calculating Cornell Voltage from nonstandard chest electrode recording site in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. J Electrocardiol 2010;43:209-214. [PMCID: PMC2856789] [PubMed link PMID20004413]
 
60.Cushman M, McClure LA, Lakoski SG, Jenny NS. Eligibility for statin therapy by the JUPITER trial criteria and subsequent mortality (from the REGARDS Cohort). Amer J of Cardiology 2010; 105: 77-81 [PMCID: PMC2813463] [PubMed link PMID20102894]
 
61.Pullicino PM, McClure LA, Wadley VG, Ahmed A, Howard VJ, Howard G, Safford MM. Blood pressure and stroke in heart failure in the REGARDS Study. Stroke 2009;40:3706-3710. [PMCID: PMC2903881]   [Pub Med link PMID19834015] 
 
62.Yacoubian T, Howard G, Kissela B, Sands CD, Standaert D G. Racial differences in Parkinson’s disease medication use in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort: a cross-sectional study. Neuroepidemiology, 2009;33:329-334. [PMCID: PMC2857626]  [PubMed link PMID19887838]
 
63.Estes MG, Al-Hamdan MZ, Crosson B, Estes SM, Quattrochi D, Kent S, McClure LA. Use of remotely-sensed data to evaluate the relationship between living environment and blood pressure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009;117: 1832-1838 [PMCID: PMC2799455]  [PubMed link PMID20049200]
 
64.Cushman M, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Jenny N, Lakoski SG, Howard G. Implications of increased C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk stratification in black and white men and women in the US. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1627-36. [PMCID: PMC2810186]   [PubMed link PMID 19643839]
 
65.Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV, Wadley VG, Unverzagt FV, Go RC, Moy CS, Kissela B, Howard G. Association of higher diastolic blood pressure levels with cognitive impairment. Neurology 2009;73:589-95. [PMCID: PMC2731621] [PubMed link PMID 19704077]  
 
66.Kent ST, McClure LA, Crosson WL, Arnett DK, Wadley VG, Sathiakumar N. Effect of sunlight exposure on cognitive function among depressed and non-depressed participants: a REGARDS cross-sectional study. Environmental Health 2009; Jul 28;8:34. [PMCID: PMC2728098] [PubMed link PMID 19638195]
 
67.Curtis JR, McClure LA, Delzell E, Howard VJ, Orwoll E, Saag KG, Safford M, Howard G. Population-based fracture risk assessment and osteoporosis treatment disparities by race and gender. J Gen Intern Med 2009 Aug; 24:956-62. [PMCID: PMC2710475] [PubMed link PMID 19551449]
 
68.Roth DL, Perkins M, Wadley VG, Temple EM, Haley WE. Family caregiving and emotional strain: Associations with quality of life in a large national sample of middle-aged and older adults. Qual Life Res 2009;18:679-88. [PMCID: PMC2855243] [PubMed link PMID 19421895]
 
69.Haley WE, Allen JY, Grant JS, Clay OJ, Perkins M, Roth DL. Problems and benefits reported by stroke family caregivers: Results from a prospective epidemiological study. Stroke 2009;40: 2129-2133. [PMCID: PMC2707750] [PubMed link PMID 19407230]
 
70.Howard G, Cushman M, Prineas RJ, Howard VJ, Moy CS, Sullivan LM, D’Agostino RB Sr, McClure LA, Pulley L, Safford MM. Advancing the hypothesis that geographic variations in risk factors contribute relatively little to observed geographic variations in heart disease and stroke mortality. Prev Med 2009;49:129-132.  [PMCID: PMC2778033] [PubMed link PMID 19285103]
 
71.Prineas RJ, Soliman EZ, Howard G, Howard VJ, Cushman M, Zhang ZM, Moy CS. The sensitivity of the method used to detect atrial fibrillation in population studies affects group-specific prevalence estimates: Ethnic and regional distribution of atrial fibrillation in the REGARDS study. J of Epidemiology 2009;19:177-181. [PMCID: PMC2750004] [PubMed link PMID 19561382]
 
72.Feng R, McClure LA, Tiwari HK, Howard G. A new estimate of family disease history providing improved prediction of disease risks. Statistics in Medicine 2009;28:1269-1283. [PMCID:3193605] [PubMed link PMID 19170247]
  
73.McClellan WM, Newsome BB, McClure LA, Cushman M, Howard G, Audhya P, Abramson JL, Warnock DG. Chronic kidney disease is often unrecognized among patients with coronary heart disease: The REGARDS cohort study. Am J Soc Nephrol 2009; 29:10-17. [PMCID: PMC2786017] [PubMed link PMID 18663284]
 
74.Zakai NA, McClure LA, Prineas R, Howard G, McClellan W, Holmes CE, Newsome BB, Warnock DG, Audhya P, Cushman M. Correlates of anemia in American blacks and whites: The REGARDS renal ancillary study. Am J of Epidemiol 2009;169:355-364. [PMCID: PMC2720717] [PubMed link PMID 19066309]
 
75.Cushman M, Cantrell RA, McClure LA, Howard G, Prineas RJ, Moy CS, Temple EM, Howard VJ. Estimated 10-year stroke risk by region and race in the United States: Geographic and racial differences in stroke risk. Annals of Neurol 2008; 64:507-513. [PMCID: PMC202965] [PubMed link PMID 19067365]
 
76.You Z, Cushman M, Jenny NS, Howard G, REGARDS. Tooth loss, systemic inflammation, and prevalent stroke among participants in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Atherosclerosis 2009;203:615-619 [PMC Journal – In Process] [PubMed link PMID 18801482]      
 
77.Glasser SP, Cushman M, Prineas R, Kleindorfer D, Prince V, You Z, Howard VJ, Howard G. Does differential prophylactic aspirin use contribute to racial and geographic disparities in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD)? Preventive Medicine 2008;47:161-166. [PMCID: PMC2556126.] [PubMed link PMID 18597839]
 
78.Kurella Tamura M, Wadley V, Yaffe K, McClure LA, Howard G, Go R, Allman RM, Warnock DG, McClellan W. Kidney function and cognitive impairment in US adults: The REGARDS study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:227-234. [PMCID: PMC2593146] [PubMed link PMID 18585836]
 
79.Pullicino PM, Wadley VG, McClure LA, Safford MM, Lazar RM, Klapholz M, Ahmed A, Howard VJ, Howard G. Factors contributing to global cognitive impairment in heart failure: results from a population based cohort. J of Card Fail 2008;14:290-295. [PMCID: PMC2730643]  [PubMed link PMID 18474341]
 
80.Fisher M, Cushman M, Knappertz V, Howard G. An assessment of the joint associations of aspirin and statin use with C - reactive protein concentration. Am Heart J. 2008;156:106-111. [PMCID: PMC2525513]  [PubMed link PMID 18585504]
 
81.Howard VJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, McClure LA, Howard G, Wagner L, Pulley L, Gomez CR.  Care-seeking following stroke symptoms.  Annals of Neurol 2008;63:466-472.[PMCID: PMC [PubMed link PMID 18360830]
 
82.Voeks J, McClure, Go R, Prineas R, Cushman M, Kissela B, Roseman J. Regional differences in diabetes as a possible contributor to the geographic disparity in stroke mortality: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Stroke 2008;39:1675-1680. [PubMed link PMID 18388336]
 
83.Roth DL, Haley WE, Wadley VG, Clay OJ, Howard G. Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Gerontologist 2007; 47:721-729. [PMCID: PMC2855242]  [PubMed link PMID 18192626]
 
84.Howard G, Labarthe DR, Hu J, Yoon S, Howard VJ. Regional differences in African Americans' high risk for stroke:  The remarkable burden of stroke for southern African Americans. Annals of Epidemiology 2007;17:689–696. [PubMed link PMID 17719482]
 
85.Safford MM Halanych JH, Lewis CE, Levine D, Houser S, Howard G. Understanding racial disparities in hypertension control: Intensity of hypertension medication treatment in the REGARDS Study. Ethnicity & Disease 2007;17:421-426. [PubMed link PMID 17985492]
 
86.Houser S, Howard V, Hovater M, Safford M. Obtaining medical records from healthcare facilities under the HIPAA privacy rule: The experience of a national longitudinal cohort study. Neuroepidemiology 2007;28:162-168. [PubMed link PMID 17536228]
 
87.McClellan W, Speckman R, McClure L, Howard V, Campbell RC, Cushman M, Audhya P, Howard G, Warnock DG. Prevalence and characteristics of a family history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among adults in the United States population: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Renal cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:1344-1352. [PubMed link PMID 1734425]
 
88.Howard G, Safford MM, Meschia, JF, Moy CS, Howard VJ, Pulley L, Gomez CR, Crowther M. Stroke symptoms in individuals reporting no prior stroke or TIA are associated with a decrease in indices of mental and physical functioning. Stroke 2007;38:2446-2452. [PubMed link PMID 17673720]
 
89.Wadley V, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Unverzagt FW, Go RC, Moy CS, Crowther MR, Gomez CR, Howard G. Cognitive status, stroke symptom reports, and modifiable risk factors among individuals with no diagnosis of stroke or TIA in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Stroke 2007;38:1143-1147. [PubMed link PMID 17322077]
 
90.Howard VJ, McClure LA, Meschia JF, Pulley L, Orr SC, Friday GH. High prevalence of stroke symptoms among persons without a diagnosis of stroke or TIA in a general population: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1952-1958. [PubMed link PMID 17030827]
 
91.Howard G, Prineas R, Moy C, Cushman M, Kellum M, Temple E, Graham A, Howard V. Racial and geographical differences in awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Stroke 2006;37:1171-1178. [PubMed link PMID 16556884]
 
92.McClellan W, Warnock DG, McClure L, Campbell RC, Newsome BB, Howard VJ, Cushman M, Howard G. Racial differences in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among participants in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006:17:1710-1715. [PubMed link PMID 16641151]
  
93.Warnock DG, McClellan M, McClure LA, Newsome B, Campbell RC, Audhya P, Cushman M, Howard VJ, Howard G. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and anemia among participants in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study: Baseline results from Renal REGARDS. Kidney International, 2005;68:1427-1431.[PubMed link PMID 16164617]           
 
94.Howard VJ, Cushman M, Pulley L, Gomez C, Go R, Prineas RJ, Graham A, Moy CS, Howard G. The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study: Objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology 2005;25:135-143. [PubMed link PMID 15990444]           
 
95.Yang D, Howard G, Coffey CS, Roseman J. The confounding of race and geography: how much of the excess stroke mortality among African Americans is explained by geography? Neuroepidemiology 2004:23:118-122. [PubMed link PMID 15084780]